• The anorexic effect observed when AR is infused into

  2023-04-25

  

  The anorexic effect observed when AR231630 is infused into the VTA could be the result of the DA release inhibition, as previously described [11]. However, there is also a hedonic aspect in feeding that possibly involves dopaminergic mechanisms of reward. Helm et al. showed a functional link between

• The knowledge on the structure

  2023-04-25

  

  The knowledge on the structure of CYP17, including its active site, provides a rationale for understanding many mutations that are found in enzyme dysfunction in clinical disease as well as the enzyme's dual hydroxylase and lyase catalytic capabilities. This knowledge will assist rational drug desig

• The earliest appearance of tumors occurred at

  2023-04-25

  

  The earliest appearance of tumors occurred at 12 months and the latest at 24 months, with an average onset at 18 months (Fig. 1B). This would be roughly equivalent to cancer presenting in a patient between 60 and 70 years of age. In transgenic animals, autotaxin A 205804 mg was relatively increased

• Although we have achieved a great

  2023-04-25

  

  Although we have achieved a great deal of success in the development of tools to understand autophagy in health and disease, highly specific reagents for autophagy manipulation and deep knowledge of autophagy is required to advance the research in therapeutic treatment. Better disease (ischemia) ani

• We also measured macrophage infiltration and CLS presence

  2023-04-25

  

  We also measured macrophage infiltration and CLS presence in peri-gonadal AT from db/db mice and controls. CLS are morphological features within AT that are accurate indicators of adipocyte death and macrophage infiltration [56]. An earlier study showed that CLS macrophages account for >90% of the

• Based on the general structure function principle in biology

  2023-04-21

  

  Based on the general structure-function principle in biology [[19], [20], [21]], toxic oligomers are expected to have well-defined three-dimensional structures to carry out their pathological functions. A common amyloid toxicity mechanism also suggests that toxic oligomers of different amyloid prote

• Axitinib Consideration of the rate of product formation at

  2023-04-21

  

  Consideration of the rate of product formation at different substrate concentrations and estimation of Michaelis-Menten parameters gives some insight into the possible mechanisms underlying the observed decreases in enzyme activity. Estimates based on two-substrate concentrations lack precision and

• br Discussion The present understanding is

  2023-04-21

  

  Discussion The present understanding is that patients suffering from AD are at a higher risk for epilepsy than individuals without AD [[1], [2]]. The clinical diagnostic accuracy of AD has improved significantly during the last decades. However, most of the epidemiological studies on these two of

• br Study approval br Author contributions br Conflicts of in

  2023-04-21

  

  Study approval Author contributions Conflicts of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants of the Youth Backbone Program (to Jianming Ying) of Cancer Hospital, CAMS, Beijing, Beijing Hope Run Special Fund of Cancer Foundation of China (LC2015A06) and the National Natura

• Introduction Diabetic nephropathy is a

  2023-04-21

  

  Introduction Diabetic nephropathy is a rapidly growing cause of end-stage renal disease [1]. Glomerular, tubular and vascular toxicity resulting from hyperglycemia (glucotoxicity) have been evaluated extensively at the molecular level as contributing factors for diabetic nephropathy [[1], [2], [3]]

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2023-04-20

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The data presented here demonstrate the important role of B lymphocyte-expressed α7 nAChRs in regulating the antibody immune response. It is shown that, in addition to ACh produced by activated T lymphocytes (Fujii et al., 2012), activated B lymphocy

• Introduction Chronic inflammation is increasingly known as

  2023-04-20

  

  Introduction Chronic inflammation is increasingly known as one of the most critical etiological factors in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers (Lee et al., 2016; Wang and Cho, 2015). Overexpression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), 5-LOX-activating protein (FLAP), as well as other leukotriene (LT) biosynthetic

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments This

  2023-04-20

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments This work was been partially supported by the following grants: C.I.S.I.A. project (Innovazione e Sviluppo del Mezzogiorno—Conoscenze Integrate per Sostenibilità ed Innovazione del Made in Italy Agroalimentare—Legge 191/2009) from the Italian Ministry of Ec

• Over the past decade extensive research

  2023-04-20

  

  Over the past decade, extensive research has been directed toward the discovery of Aurora-selective small-molecule inhibitors. As a result, a handful of Aurora inhibitors has been identified. Among them, 1 (VX-680) and 2 (SNS-314) have entered human clinical trials as pan-Aurora kinase inhibitors (

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Phosphatidic acid p

  2023-04-20

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Phosphatidic AACOCF3 phosphatase (PAP) enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the reaction that dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid (PA), which in turn produces diacylglycerol (DAG) and a phosphate group during phospholipid regulation (Fig. 1A) [1]. Subsequen

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